Posted on October 23, 2025 by Associates of Dentistry

Gum soreness is a common dental complaint with a variety of underlying causes, ranging from simple irritation to more serious health conditions. Understanding the potential factors behind sore gums can help patients identify the source of discomfort and seek the right treatment or preventive care.

Common Causes of Gum Soreness

• Gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) is one of the most frequent reasons for sore or swollen gums. When plaque builds up along the gumline, it can trigger inflammation, redness, and bleeding.
• Poor oral hygiene allows bacteria to multiply, causing gums to become sore and inflamed, often progressing to more severe gum disease if left untreated.
• Aggressive brushing or flossing, especially with hard-bristled toothbrushes or improper technique, can injure delicate gum tissue and lead to pain.
• Ill-fitting dental appliances, such as dentures or braces, may cause constant friction, resulting in chronic gum soreness.
• Hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause, can increase gum sensitivity, sometimes leading to discomfort or swelling.

Other Contributing Factors

• Mouth injuries, burns, or trauma (for example, from eating hot foods, sharp objects, or accidental bites) can result in localized gum pain or ulcers.
• Canker sores are small, painful ulcers often triggered by stress, injury, or immune changes, commonly appearing on the gums.
• Dental abscesses are pockets of infection near the roots of teeth that can make the surrounding gums sensitive or sore, sometimes accompanied by swelling and pus.
• Tobacco use, both smoking and smokeless forms, increases the risk of gum disease and leads to gum recession and tenderness.
• Vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin C, can weaken gum tissue and increase vulnerability to soreness and bleeding.
• Underlying systemic conditions like viral or fungal infections, or even oral cancers, may cause persistent gum discomfort that requires professional diagnosis and care.

When to See a Dentist

If gum soreness persists for more than a few days, is accompanied by severe swelling, bleeding, or pus, or is causing significant discomfort, it’s important to consult a dental professional. Early intervention can prevent the progression of gum disease and address other potential health issues.

By practicing gentle oral hygiene, eating a balanced diet, and maintaining regular dental checkups, patients can greatly reduce their risk of gum soreness and maintain healthier smiles.

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